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NDT Advance Access published online on March 29, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl849
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Identification of current smokers among renal transplant recipients

Pauline T. H. Nguyen1, Laurence Galanti2, Yves Pirson1 and Michel Jadoul1

1Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and 2Clinical Biology, Cliniques Universitaires de Mont-Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Prof. Michel Jadoul, Department of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Email: jadoul{at}nefr.ucl.ac.be



  Abstract

Background. In renal transplant recipients, smoking is associated with a high burden of cardiovascular disease and a higher risk of graft loss. Surprisingly, the results of measurement of cotinine serum level, the gold standard for the detection of active smoking, have not been confronted with self-reported smoking history in this group.

The aim of our study was to identify and characterize the smoking group of renal transplant recipients.

Methods. Cotinine serum level was measured and all patients were asked to fill out an anonymized questionnaire on smoking history.

Results. Out of 233 renal transplant recipients, 106 (45%) reported to be lifetime and current non-smokers: cotinine serum level was below detection limit in all; among the 127 renal transplant recipients (55%) with a lifetime history of smoking, cotinine level was diagnostic of current smoking in 32 (25%). Only 21 of the current smokers (66%) declared to the nephrologist that they had continued smoking whereas 11 (34%) claimed to be non-smokers. Current smokers were younger (P = 0.01) than former smokers.

Conclusion. The identification of current smokers among renal transplant recipients should start with questioning about lifetime history of smoking and if positive, measurement of cotinine serum level. Indeed up to 34% of current smokers do not acknowledge they are active smokers and would otherwise not offer to participate in programmes to stop smoking.

Keywords: current smoking; past smoking; renal transplantation; serum cotinine

Received for publication: 24. 7.06
Accepted in revised form: 2. 1.07


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