NDT Advance Access published online on April 20, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl175
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1 Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH, Neuss, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate renal glucose excretion as a function of blood glucose concentration and to evaluate the within-subject variability and between-subject variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Twenty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes [age 58 (12) years, diabetes duration 7 (6) years, endogenous creatinine clearance 117 (38) ml min-1 1.73 m-2; median (inter-quartile range, IQR)] underwent two five-period hyperglycaemic glucose clamp experiments at intervals of 7-21 days. Starting from an initial blood glucose level of 12.2 mmol l-1, subsequent glucose clamp levels were chosen using an algorithm based on urinary glucose concentrations measured at the end of the preceding glucose clamp period. That is, blood glucose was either stepwise decreased or increased depending on whether urinary glucose concentration was above or below 11.1 mmol l-1, respectively. Results. As expected, increasing the blood glucose from 7.8 to 13.3 mmol l-1 during the glucose clamps resulted in a steep increase of urinary glucose excretion from 0.06 to 0.77 mmol min-1. With decreasing blood glucose, a measurable glucosuria persisted up to a blood glucose level of 7.8 mmol l-1. When defining the (pseudo)threshold for renal glucose excretion (PRTG) as the highest blood glucose level during glucose clamps associated with a concomitant glucose concentration in urine of <2.8 mmol l-1, median (IQR) PRTG was 11.0 (1.1) mmol l-1. The within-subject variability of PRTG, i.e. the difference between two assessments, was low, 0.1 (0.0) mmol l-1 while the between-subject variability of PRTG was high, ranging from 7.7 to 12.2 mmol l-1. Conclusion. Renal glucose excretion increases in a proportional manner with increasing blood glucose. When decreasing blood glucose to euglycaemic blood glucose levels, glucosuria persists so that the classical concept of a renal threshold for glucose excretion cannot be upheld in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Received February 4, 2005
Accepted March 16, 2006
Original Article
Renal glucose excretion as a function of blood glucose concentration in subjects with type 2 diabetes--results of a hyperglycaemic glucose clamp study
Klaus Rave 1 *,
Leszek Nosek 1,
John Posner 2,
Tim Heise 1,
Kerstin Roggen 1,
and
Ewoud-Jan van Hoogdalem 2
2 Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, High Wycombe, UK
Klaus Rave, E-mail: klaus.rave{at}profil-research.de
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