NDT Advance Access published online on April 4, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl145
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1 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, The ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, CORR, Canadian Institute of Health Information, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the ANZDATA Registry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Background. Only unbiased estimates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and trends are useful for disease control--identification of risk factors and measuring the effect of intervention. Methods. Age- and sex-standardized incidences (with trends) were calculated for all-cause and diabetic/non-diabetic ESRD for persons aged 0-14, 15-29, 30-44 and 45-64 years in 13 populations identified geographically, and six populations identified by ethnicity. Results. The incidence of ESRD varied most with age, ethnicity and prevalence of diabetes. All non-Europid populations had excess ESRD, chiefly due to rates of type 2 diabetic ESRD that were greater than accounted for by community prevalences of diabetes. Their rates of non-diabetic ESRD also were raised, with contributions from most common primary renal diseases except type 1 diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. The ESRD rates generally were low, and more similar than different, in Europid populations, except for variable contributions from type 1 (high in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Canada) and type 2 (high in Austria and Canada) diabetes. In Europid populations during 1998-2002, all-cause ESRD declined by 2% per year in persons aged 0-44 years, and all non-diabetic ESRD by a similar amount in persons aged 45-64 years, in whom diabetic ESRD had increased by 3% per year. Conclusions. Increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and to kidney disease progression characterizes excess ESRD in non-Europid peoples. The decline in all-cause ESRD in young persons, and non-diabetic ESRD in the middle-aged, probably reflects improving management of progressive renal disease.
Received February 20, 2006
Accepted March 8, 2006
Original Article
Geographic, ethnic, age-related and temporal variation in the incidence of end-stage renal disease in Europe, Canada and the Asia-Pacific region, 1998-2002
The ESRD Incidence Study Group 1
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