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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(2):396-399; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn694
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Kidney disease in diabetology: lessons from 2008

Guntram Schernthaner

Department of Medicine I, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Guntram Schernthaner, Head of the Department of Medicine I, Rudolfstiftung Hospital-Vienna, Juchgasse 25, A - 1030 Vienna, Austria. Tel: +0043-1-71165-2101; Fax: +0043-1-71165-2109; E-mail: guntram.schernthaner@meduniwien.ac.at

Keywords: ADVANCE; AVOID; DIRECT; microalbuminuria; ONTARGET

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Micro- and macroalbuminuria are important markers for early and progressive diabetic kidney disease. Patients with type 1 diabetes carry a 20–50% risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or renal transplantation. The primary goal of managing childhood type 1 diabetes is to prevent or delay renal and retinal microvascular complications. In contrast to patients with type 2 diabetes, the cumulative incidence of nephropathy has significantly declined in patients with type 1 diabetes over the past three decades, which was due to more intensified treatment regimens for control of hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. However, many patients with type 1 diabetes have their manifestation of disease already at very young age, when strict diabetes control is more difficult to reach compared to patients with manifestation of diabetes later in life.



   Microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic children
 
Most of our knowledge of the relationship between control of diabetes and the risk of diabetic renal complications comes from . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Prevention of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients by ARB treatment: lessons from DIRECT
Risk for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes can be reduced by 33% when both hyperglycaemia and BP are better controlled: results from ADVANCE
Progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria despite blockade of RAS with ACE-I
Is double blockade of RAS by ARB plus renin inhibition superior to ACE plus ARB? Lessons from ONTARGET and AVOID
Reduction of microalbuminuria reduces both the renal and cardiovascular risk

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