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Nailing down PKC isoform specificity in diabetic nephropathy—two's company, three's a crowd
Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Matthias Meier, MD, Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover, Germany. Email: meier.matthias@mh-hannover.de
Keywords: dielectric nephropathy; protein kinase
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
| Introduction |
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Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by early vascular dysfunction and increasing matrix accumulation in the kidney, eventually leading to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis [1]. Over the last decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (and other diabetic microvascular complications) has been greatly enhanced [2]. However, we still do not completely understand how metabolic disturbances in the diabetic state, i.e. hyperglycaemia, induce such a vast array of distinct cellular events leading to progressive renal failure [2]. Several hypotheses linking hyperglycaemia and altered cellular biology have been proposed [3]. One of these hypotheses postulates that high glucose concentration leads to the activation of the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathway which subsequently mediates cellular response, e.g. with altered gene expression [4]. It is generally believed that intracellular PKC activation is achieved by the
| PKC isoforms |
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| Conclusion |
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