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NDT Advance Access originally published online on October 11, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(2):605-611; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl569
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Drugs as a hidden source of aluminium for chronic renal patients

Denise Bohrer1, Denise C. Bertagnolli1, Sandra M. R. de Oliveira1, Paulo C. do Nascimento1, Leandro M. de Carvalho1 and Solange G. Pomblum2

1Department of Chemistry, 2Department of Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97110-905 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Denise Bohrer, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97110-905 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Email: ndenise@quimica.ufsm.br

Keywords: aluminium; contamination; drugs; impurity; renal insufficiency

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Chronic aluminium exposure and toxicity related to aluminium absorption continue to be a problem for many patients with renal failure [1]. The two most prevalent sources of aluminium are water used to prepare dialysate and aluminium-containing phosphate binders. However, calcium-based binders, Sevelamer or others, have replaced aluminium phosphate binders and reverse osmosis has been used for water treatment in almost all haemodialysis centres [2–4].

In spite of the reduced exposure of patients to aluminium through these sources, patients on regular renal dialysis present abnormal plasma/serum aluminium levels [5]. In the United Kingdom [6], plasma aluminium was audited over the period of January 2000 to January 2004, resulting in a collection of results for 1626 patients. The range was 1.9–817 µg/l, with a mean value of 12.7 µg/l. In the United States, a survey examined retrospectively 1410 measurements of serum aluminium from January . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Materials and methods
 
Apparatus
Reagents
Contamination control
Procedures
Analysis of raw materials
Gelatinous capsules
Starch and lactose
Talcum, stearic acid and magnesium stearate
Microcrystalline cellulose
Analysis of commercial products
Procedures for sample decomposition


   Results
 


   Discussion
 

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Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
D. Bohrer, D. C. Bertagnolli, S. M. R. de Oliveira, P. C. do Nascimento, L. M. de Carvalho, S. C. Garcia, L. C. Arantes, and E. J. G. Barros
Role of medication in the level of aluminium in the blood of chronic haemodialysis patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2009; 24(4): 1277 - 1281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]