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NDT Advance Access originally published online on September 2, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006 21(12):3374-3376; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl515
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Compliments from complement: a fourth pathway of complement activation?

Mohamed R. Daha1, Cees van Kooten1 and Anja Roos1,2

1Department of Nephrology and 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Mohamed R. Daha, LUMC, Department of Nephrology, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. Email: M.R.daha@lumc.nl

Keywords: complement; MBL

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   Introduction
 
The immune system of vertebrates is known to be composed of innate- and acquired defense. While the innate immune system should potentially be sufficient for the defense against most pathogens, antibodies and activated T-lymphocytes strongly enhance our capacities for defense against a plethora of pathogens. The innate immune system is composed of a large number of defense molecules, including the complement system. The complement system is a major player in innate immunity and is strongly involved in a large number of biological processes, including the initiation and amplification of acquired immunity. Most of these biological activities are achieved by two mechanisms: first, the deposition of opsonic fragments especially of the components C3 and C4 on pathogens or other targets and second, the initiation or induction of inflammatory responses following . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Discussion and implications
 
Are there any examples for a C4/C2 bypass in the clinical situation?

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