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NDT Advance Access originally published online on July 22, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006 21(10):2686-2690; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl398
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in early chronic kidney disease

Guillermo Zalba, Ana Fortuño and Javier Díez

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research and Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Prof. Javier Díez, Área de Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Edificio CIMA, Pío XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Email: jadimar@unav.es

Keywords: atherosclerosis; chronic renal disease; oxidative stress

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: fundamental aspects
 
The chemical basis of oxidative stress
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediary metabolites that are normally produced in the course of oxygen metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS play a critical role as signal molecules, and ROS produced by activated leucocytes and macrophages are essential for defence against the invading micro-organisms. In addition to a mitochondrial origin, ROS can be generated by a great number of enzymes including oxidases, cyclo-oxygenases and lipoxygenases. Normally, ROS are contained by a wide array of antioxidant enzymes and endogenous and dietary antioxidants. The excess production of ROS or impaired antioxidant defense capacity leads to oxidative stress, in which uncontained ROS cause oxidation of macro-molecules, tissue damage and dysfunction.

The primary ROS produced in the body is superoxide anion (Formula ) generated from a one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or NADPH oxidase is the main source of Formula in mammalian cells [1]. NADPH oxidase is . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Formula -mediated oxidative stress and atherosclerosis


   Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD)—emerging aspects
 
The connection of atherosclerosis with oxidative stress in CKD
Exaggerated Formula generation in early CKD
Deficient Formula excavenging capacity in early CKD


   Towards a new paradigm with clinical impact?
 

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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]