NDT Advance Access originally published online on January 21, 2005
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2005 20(3):578-584; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh675
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Chewing gum and a saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis
1 Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit and Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 3 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Rode Kruis Hospital, The Hague, 5 Stichting DIANET Dialysis Centres, Utrecht, 6 Stichting DIANET Dialysis Centres, Amsterdam and 7 Department of Nephrology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Casper Bots, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: c.bots{at}vumc.nl
Background. Most patients on haemodialysis (HD) have to maintain a fluid-restricted diet to prevent a high interdialytic weight gain (IWG). The prevalence of xerostomia (the feeling of a dry mouth) is higher in HD patients than in controls. Recently, we demonstrated that xerostomia and thirst were positively correlated with IWG in HD patients. Thus, this may play a role as a stimulus for fluid intake between dialysis sessions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum or a saliva substitute on xerostomia, thirst and IWG.
Methods. This study was a randomized two-treatment crossover design with repeated measures. After the use of chewing gum or saliva substitute for 2 weeks, a wash-out period of 2 weeks was introduced and hereafter the other regimen was carried out. Xerostomia and thirst were assessed by validated questionnaires as xerostomia inventory (XI) and dialysis thirst inventory (DTI), at baseline and after each treatment period, as were IWG and salivary flow rates.
Results. Sixty-five HD patients (42 men, 54.6±14.1 years; 23 women, 54.7±16.3 years) participated in this study. Chewing gum decreased XI from 29.9±9.5 to 28.1±9.1 (P<0.05). Chewing gum as well as a saliva substitute reduced DTI significantly (P<0.05), but no differences occurred for the average IWG or salivary flow rates.
Conclusions. The use of chewing gum and, to a lesser extent, a saliva substitute may alleviate thirst and xerostomia in some HD patients.
Keywords: chewing gum; haemodialysis; interdialytic weight gain; saliva substitute; thirst; xerostomia
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