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NDT Advance Access originally published online on November 2, 2004
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2005 20(1):199-202; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh551
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Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 20 No. 1 © ERA-EDTA 2005; all rights reserved

Technical Note

Embolization of haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas complicated by venous hypertension: a feasibility study

Carlo Lomonte1, Sergio Petronelli2, Maurizio Antonelli1, Raffaele Prudenzano2, Bernardo Giammaria1, Giovanni Marchio1, Nicola Losurdo1 and Carlo Basile1

1 Division of Nephrology and 2 Interventional Radiology Unit, Miulli General Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Carlo Basile, MD, Via Battisti 192, 74100 Taranto, Italy. Email: basile.miulli@libero.it

Keywords: arteriovenous fistula; embolization; haemodialysis; interventional radiology; venous hypertension

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.



   Introduction
 
A haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can lead to venous hypertension in the upper extremity because of stenotic and/or obstructive complications of the deep venous system. These complications may occur for anatomical reasons in rare cases [1], but frequently are due to the more and more diffuse utilization of central venous catheters as a vascular access for haemodialysis. Stenotic and/or obstructive complications of the deep venous system may lead to venous hypertension, oedema of soft tissues and collateral circulation at the level of the shoulder [2]. Sometimes, the collateral circulation is not able to establish haemodynamic compensation, so that upper arm oedema gets more and more severe and may evolve towards elephantiasis. The problem may be solved either by means of open surgical and/or percutaneous catheter-based techniques, which tend to establish de novo central venous . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Cases
 
Embolization procedure no. 1
Embolization technique no. 2


   Discussion
 

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