NDT Advance Access originally published online on July 13, 2004
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004 19(9):2272-2274; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh384
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Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 19 No. 9 © ERA-EDTA 2004; all rights reserved
Original Article
Dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin system compared with a 50% increase in the dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: effects on proteinuria and blood pressure
1 Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria and 2 University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Priscilla Kincaid-Smith, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, Australia. Email: priscillk{at}epworth.org.au
Background. Several publications in the past 2 years have demonstrated that combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin-II receptor antagonist (AIIRA) are more effective in reducing blood pressure and proteinuria in patients with chronic renal disease than ACEI or AIIRA alone. This study compares the effect of increasing the ACEI dose by 50% with that of adding an AIIRA to a standard ACEI dose.
Methods. This study was designed as part of a previous comparison of ACEI with ACEI plus candesartan. Directly after completion of the randomized intervention periods of that study, the dose of ACEI was increased by 50% in all patients. Proteinuria and blood pressure were compared in both groups of patients in the three periods, on standard ACEI, on ACEI plus candesartan and on a dose of ACEI increased by 50%.
Results. No significant differences in the primary end-point proteinuria or secondary end-points were observed when the ACEI dose was increased by 50%. Proteinuria was 1.8 g in 24 h on candesartan and ACEI and 2.4 g in 24 h when the ACEI dose was increased by 50% (P<0.02). Systolic blood pressure was 126.6 mmHg on candesartan and ACEI and 134.47 mmHg when the ACEI dose was increased by 50% (P<0.002). Diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea and potassium were not different between groups.
Conclusions. Standard ACEI plus candesartan is more effective in reducing systolic blood pressure and proteinuria than a 50% increase in ACEI dose. This has implications for the prevention of renal failure in chronic renal disease.
Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; angiotensin-II receptor antagonists; hypertension; proteinuria
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