Nephrol Dial Transplant (2001) 16: 32-38
© 2001 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association
Association of nitric oxide production and apoptosis in a model of experimental nephropathy
1 Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, 2 Institute of Neurological Sciences, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, 3 Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 4 Department of Pathology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey and 5 Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield, UK
Background. In recent studies increased amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis have been implicated in various pathological conditions in the kidney. We have studied the role of NO and its association with apoptosis in an experimental model of nephrotic syndrome induced by a single injection of adriamycin (ADR).
Methods. The alteration in the NO pathway was assessed by measuring nitrite levels in serum/urine and by evaluating the changes in vascular reactivity of the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK) system. Rats were stratified into control groups and ADR-induced nephropathy groups. These two groups were then divided into: group 1, animals receiving saline; and group 2, animals receiving aminoguanidine (AG) which is a specific inhibitor of inducible-NO synthase. On day 21, rats were sacrificed after obtaining material for biochemical analysis.
Results. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of rats treated with ADR revealed focal areas of mesangial proliferation and mild tubulointerstitial inflammation. They also had significantly higher levels of proteinuria compared with control and treatment groups (P<0.05). Urine nitrite levels were significantly increased in the ADR-nephropathy group (P<0.05). In the IPRK phenylephrine and acetylcholine related responses were significantly impaired in the ADR-nephropathy group. Apoptosis was not detected in controls. However, in the ADR-nephropathy group, numerous apoptotic cells were identified in the tubulointerstitial areas. Double staining revealed numerous interstitial apoptotic cells to stain for ED1, a marker for monocytes/macrophages. Treatment with AG prevented the impairment of renal vascular bed responses and reduced both urine nitrite levels and apoptosis to control levels.
Conclusion. We suggest that interactions between NO and apoptosis are important in the pathogenesis of the ADR-induced nephrosis.
Keywords: adriamycin-induced nephropathy; aminoguanidine; apoptosis; isolated perfused rat kidney; nitric oxide
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Professor Dr Seza Ozen, Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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