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NDT Advance Access originally published online on June 13, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(9):3033-3034; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn347
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


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E-mail: isaka{at}att.med.osaka-u.ac.jp

Sir,

The terms ‘carbamoylation’ or ‘carbamylation’ have been used by different authors but the terms have the same meaning [3,4]. Cyanate is in equilibrium with urea; therefore, when a molecule of cyanate is removed by carbamoylation, a new molecule of cyanate is formed spontaneously. Among carbamoylated proteins found in vivo which have altered function are carbamoylated haemoglobin with a change in oxygen affinity [1]. The formation of homocitrulline is cumulative over the lifespan of the protein and results in the loss of net positive charges with functional changes in carbamoylated protein. In our report [2], the formation of homocitrulline in EPO's lysine residues showed renoprotective effects without erythrogenesis. Considering our observation, the ‘carbamoylated’ EPO in high urea levels may not work as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, but work as a renoprotective agent.

Conflict of interest statement. None declared.

Harumi Kitamura1 and Yoshitaka Isaka1,2

1 Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan 2 Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

References

  1. Cerami A, Manning JM. Potassium cyanate as an inhibitor of the sickling of erythrocytes in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1971) 68:1180–1183.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  2. Kitamura H, Isaka Y, Takabatake Y, et al. Nonerythropoietic derivative of erythropoietin protects against tubulointerstitial injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Nephrol Dial Transplant (2008) 23:1521–1528.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  3. Kraus LM, Kraus AP Jr. Carbamoylation of amino acids and proteins in uremia. Kidney Int Suppl (2001) 78:S102–S107.[CrossRef][Medline]
  4. Stim J, Shaykh M, Anwar F, et al. Factors determining hemoglobin carbamylation in renal failure. Kidney Int (1995) 48:1605–1610.[Web of Science][Medline]

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This Article
Right arrow Extract Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
23/9/3033-a    most recent
gfn347v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
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Right arrow Email this article to a friend
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Right arrow Articles by Kitamura, H.
Right arrow Articles by Isaka, Y.
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PubMed
Right arrow Articles by Kitamura, H.
Right arrow Articles by Isaka, Y.
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