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NDT Advance Access originally published online on January 28, 2009
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(4):1110-1112; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn764
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Battle against the renin–angiotensin system: help from an unexpected party*

Dominik Müller1 and Dominik N. Müller2

1 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité 2 Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dominik Müller, MD, Charité Berlin, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. Tel: +49-30-450-616147; Fax: +49-30-450-516912; E-mail: dominik.mueller@charite.de

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   Review
 
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a key player in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone formation, and disturbances in this system cause deleterious clinical effects. Besides these actions, there is accumulating evidence for non-classical actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues such as immunomodulation and antiproliferation. Low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the circulation are associated with a high incidence of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis. According to the data from in vitro experiments and animal models, vitamin D might diminish the proinflammatory immune response by enhancing regulatory T cell functionality [1]. An inverse association of circulating 25-OH vitamin D levels with blood pressure has been demonstrated, and likewise, it has been shown that the treatment with . . . [Full Text of this Article]



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