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NDT Advance Access originally published online on January 14, 2009
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(4):1088-1096; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn728
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© The Author [2009].
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Epigenetic and microRNA-mediated regulation in diabetes

Pirkko Muhonen and Harry Holthofer

Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Harry Holthofer, Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. Tel: +353-1-700-6434; Fax: +353-1-700-5773; E-mail: harry.holthofer@dcu.ie

Keywords: diabetes; epigenetics; microRNA; podocyte

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
The increase in adult type diabetes is becoming a global epidemic and calls for swift actions to better understand the disease mechanisms, thus leading to improved targeted therapies. Emerging knowledge surrounding the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of post-transcriptional protein expression has dramatically altered the view of how target genes are regulated and how they are involved also in controlling glucose homeostasis. In addition to an improved understanding of miRNA functions, epigenetic control mechanisms are becoming better known. Thus, for example the effect of prenatal nutritional deficiencies and hereditary epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications are emerging as important players in the finely tuned balance of factors ultimately yielding the altered functions under various pathologic conditions.

In this article, we review the current understanding of the major epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms with particular emphasis on podocytes during their injury associated with diabetic kidney damage. It . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Epigenetic regulation
 


   MicroRNA biogenesis
 


   Tools to generate epigenetic and post-transcriptional profiles
 


   Epigenetic regulation in diabetes
 


   MicroRNAs in insulin release regulation and kidney actions
 

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