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NDT Advance Access originally published online on November 7, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(2):370-375; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn597
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Hypertension in the young: epidemiology, sequelae and therapy

Joseph T. Flynn

Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Joseph T. Flynn, Division of Nephrology, A-7931, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Tel: +1-206-987-2524; Fax: +1-206-987-2636; E-mail: joseph.flynn@seattlechildrens.org

Keywords: antihypertensive medications; cardiovascular disease; children; epidemiology; hypertension

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Epidemiology
 
The first hint of a shift in the epidemiology of childhood hypertension was seen in a 2004 analysis [1] of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data in the United States (US) that demonstrated that overall blood pressure (BP) levels in US children and adolescents have increased over the past decade: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be 1.4 mmHg higher in 1999–2000 compared to 1988–1994 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found to be 3.3 mmHg higher. This increase in overall BP levels was more pronounced in non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children, particularly in girls. The difference for black children has previously been described [2], but prior studies had generally shown similar blood pressures for Mexican-American children compared to other ethnic groups [3]. While some of the increase in childhood BP levels was attributed to obesity, particularly among the Mexican-American children . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Adverse effects of elevated BP in the young
 


   Advances in treatment
 


   Conclusions
 

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