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NDT Advance Access originally published online on October 13, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(1):15-20; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn565
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Cyclosporine (CsA) in lupus nephritis: assessing the evidence

Gabriella Moroni1, Andrea Doria2 and Claudio Ponticelli3

1 Division of Nephrology, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Milan 2 Department of Rheumatology, University of Padua, Padua 3 Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

Gabriella Moroni, Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Via della Commenda 15, 20122 Milano, Italy. Tel: +39-0255034583; Fax: +39-0255034550; E-mail: gmoroni@policlinico.mi.it

Keywords: cyclosporine; diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis; lupus nephritis; membranous nephropathy; systemic lupus erythematosus

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
After more than 40 years since the first demonstration that high-dose corticosteroids can modify the relentless outcome of lupus nephritis [1], the ideal treatment of lupus nephritis is still far from being established. There is some agreement that the initial treatment should be aggressive, particularly in proliferative forms (so-called induction therapy) and should be followed by a maintenance regimen aimed at preventing flares of activity while minimizing the side effects of treatment. However, there are differing views on how to use the available immunomodulating drugs in the various phases of the disease. In particular, there is still much controversy about the current therapies for maintenance [2]. Notwithstanding the different approaches used, it should be noted that the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis relies on three main categories of drugs, i.e. corticosteroids, alkylating agents and inhibitors of purine synthesis. However, all these drugs have a . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Use of CsA in SLE
 


   Treatment of lupus nephritis with CsA
 
Proliferative lupus nephritis
Membranous lupus nephritis (Table 3)
Adverse events
Repeat renal biopsies


   Conclusions
 

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