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NDT Advance Access originally published online on March 1, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(6):1799-1801; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn058
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Urinary exosomes: is there a future?

Patricia Gonzales, Trairak Pisitkun and Mark A. Knepper

Laboratory of Kidney & Electrolyte Metabolism National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Mark A. Knepper, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, Room 6N260, Bethesda, MD 20892-1603, USA. Tel: +1-301-496-3187; Fax: +1-301-402-1443; E-mail: knep@helix.nih.gov

Keywords: aquaporin-2; exosomes; polycystic kidney disease; protein mass spectrometry; urine; vasopressin

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Tiny vesicles called ‘exosomes’, recently discovered in normal urine [1], provide a non-invasive means of acquiring unique information about the physiological or pathophysiological state of their renal cells of origin. Exosomes are delivered to the urine from all renal epithelial cell types. Consequently, analysis of urinary exosomes may provide a source of protein biomarkers for diseases involving glomerular podocytes, the various renal tubule segments or the transitional epithelium lining the urinary drainage tract [1]. Here, we discuss possible applications of urinary exosome analysis, as well as barriers to the development of practical clinical tools for exosome analysis.

Exosomes originate as the internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in cells (Figure 1). They were first described as products of circulating blood cells [2], such as erythrocytes and lymphocytes, and are probably formed by most cell types throughout the body. In the kidney, exosomes are . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
M. A. Knepper
Common Sense Approaches to Urinary Biomarker Study Design
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2009; 20(6): 1175 - 1178.
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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
P. A. Gonzales, T. Pisitkun, J. D. Hoffert, D. Tchapyjnikov, R. A. Star, R. Kleta, N. S. Wang, and M. A. Knepper
Large-Scale Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics of Urinary Exosomes
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2009; 20(2): 363 - 379.
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