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NDT Advance Access originally published online on September 25, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(1):27-32; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm679
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


New recommendations in the treatment of Gram-positive bacteraemia in dialysis patients

Claudio Ponticelli

Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Claudio Ponticelli, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ampere 126, 20131 Milano, Italy. Tel: +39- 0226112952; Fax: +39-0226112951; E-mail: claudio.ponticelli@fastwebnet.it

Keywords: catheter-associated bacteraemia; dialysis complications; endocarditis; exit-site infection; Gram-positive infection; peritonitis

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
There is a progressive increase in community and nosocomial infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, which often result in bacteraemia resistant to antibiotics. Many Gram-positive bacteria, including coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus species, may colonize the skin, mucous membranes (particularly anterior nares) and lower bowel of most normal subjects. In general, these bacteria do not incur consequences to the host, as the intact cornified squamous epithelium can prevent their access to subcutaneous tissues and blood. Only when the skin or mucous membranes are disrupted, may staphylococci give rise to localized superficial abscesses. Cutaneous infections are often self-limited, because normal subjects can organize a primary defence based on neutrophils and opsonophagogytosis. Nevertheless, if bacteria invade the lymphatics and the blood, they can cause a number of life-threatening complications such as septic shock, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, etc. The leading pathogens are coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus, followed by enterococcus species [. . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Gram-positive infection in dialysis patients
 


   Prevention of infection
 


   Antimicrobial treatment
 


   Conclusions
 

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Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
L. Labriola and M. Jadoul
New recommendations in the treatment of Gram-positive bacteraemia in dialysis patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2008; 23(7): 2431 - 2432.
[Full Text] [PDF]