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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(Supplement 9):ix8-ix18; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm444
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


How common is early chronic kidney disease?

A Background Paper prepared for the UK Consensus Conference on Early Chronic Kidney Disease

Mark S. MacGregor

The John Stevenson Lynch Renal Unit, Crosshouse Hospital, NHS Ayrshire & Arran, Kilmarnock, KA2 0BE, Scotland

Correspondence to: Mark. S. MacGregor, Consultant Nephrologist, The John Stevenson Lynch Renal Unit, Crosshouse Hospital, NHS Ayrshire & Arran, Kilmarnock, KA2 0BE, Scotland. Email: Mark.MacGregor@aaaht.scot.nhs.uk

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Chronic disease of the kidneys has been described since the fifth century BC [1]. In modern times, it attracted labels such as chronic renal failure or chronic renal impairment. These terms are ill-defined, implying an unspecified degree of reduced function, present for an unspecified time. In 2002, the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) of the US National Kidney Foundation published a classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with explicit definitions (Table 1) [2]. This has been widely adopted in nephrology research and practice, and endorsed by guidelines including the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [3], the Joint Specialty Committee on Renal Disease [4] and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes [5]. For this conference's purposes, early CKD encompasses stages 1–3, but not 4 and 5. The KDOQI classification has raised awareness of early CKD, and concern about the apparently . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   How robust is estimated GFR as a measure of early CKD?
 
Limitations of the MDRD formulae
Alternatives to the MDRD formula


   What is the epidemiology of early CKD in the UK?
 
CKD stage 3 epidemiology in the UK
CKD stage 3 epidemiology in other countries
CKD stages 1 and 2
Is CKD becoming more common?


   What are the implications for the ageing population?
 


   Conclusions
 

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