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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(Supplement 9):ix19-ix25; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm445
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Is early chronic kidney disease an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A Background Paper prepared for the UK Consensus Conference on Early Chronic Kidney Disease

Conal Daly

Renal Unit, Western Infirmary Glasgow, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow, UK

Correspondence to: Conal Daly, Consultant Nephrologist, Renal Unit, Western Infirmary Glasgow, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow, UK. Email: Conal.Daly@NorthGlasgow.Scot.NHS.UK

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) who require renal replacement therapy (RRT), either dialysis or renal transplantation, have a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease [1–4]. This increased incidence and prevalence of vascular disease accounts for much of the reduced life expectancy of these patients. The average life expectancy of a 40- to 44-year-old white male in the general population in the US is more than 35 years. However, if he is on long-term dialysis he can expect, on average, to live for only eight more years [4]. In Scotland, a patient aged between 20 and 44 on starting renal replacement can expect to survive, on average, a further 16.9 years [5]. Once patients have reached RRT, modification of traditional risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension may have a disappointing impact upon overall mortality. One of the reasons adduced for . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Definition of chronic kidney disease
 


   Studies describing association between CKD and CVD
 


   Conclusion
 

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