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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(8):2109-2111; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm267
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Methodology of screening for albuminuria

R. T. Gansevoort1, Heerspink Lambers1,2 and E. C. Witte1

1Division of Nephrology and 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Groningen University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands

Correspondence and offprint requests to: R. T. Gansevoort, MD, PhD, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Email: R.T.Gansevoort@INT.AZG.NL

Keywords: Albuminuria; creatinine; micro-albuminuria; screening

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Albuminuria has been recognized as a marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage. Even low levels, called micro-albuminuria, independently predict poor cardiovascular and renal outcome in subjects with diabetes, hypertension, but also in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive individuals [1–4]. These complications consume a large proportion of health-care budgets. Recently, several nephrological societies, such as the ASN and ISN, proposed to initiate screening for albuminuria to identify subjects at high risk, who might benefit from preventive treatment [5,6]. Screening should be aimed at subjects with hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease; however, mass screening of the general population has also been advocated.

Although it is recommended to start screening for albuminuria, there are questions that remain unanswered. For instance, should screening be based on assessment of albuminuria in 24 h urine samples, or are morning urine samples sufficiently reliable? Due to the diurnal rhythm in urinary albumin excretion, . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Pre-screening followed by confirmation
 


   Lowering the present cut-off value for pre-screening?
 


   Monitoring patients over time
 


   Conclusion
 

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