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NDT Advance Access originally published online on April 20, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(7):1812-1815; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm207
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Contrast media nephropathy—how to diagnose and how to prevent?

Richard Solomon

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont School of Medicine, UHC 2309, 1 South Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05401, USA

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Richard Solomon, MD, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont School of Medicine, UHC 2309, 1 South Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. Email: richard.solomon@vtmednet.org

Keywords: acute kidney injury; contrast media; haemodialysis; hydration; N-acetylcysteine

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
An increasing number of individuals are being exposed to iodinated contrast media (CM). This derives from both the technical advances that have enhanced the role of imaging in the diagnostic and therapeutic arena and the changing demographics of the population. There are more elderly individuals with a burden of chronic diseases including hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease and heart disease, for which the tools of the radiologist and interventionalist are particularly appropriate. It is therefore not surprising that increasing attention in the medical literature is being given to the renal adverse effect of CM, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and strategies to minimize its incidence.

Before attempting to synthesize from this literature a reasoned approach to the prevention of CIN, I would like to emphasize the pitfalls of this body of work. To begin with, a uniform definition of CIN does not exist. This is no small issue, as the incidence of CIN . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Risk factors
 


   Prevention
 


   Anti-oxidants
 


   Vasodilators
 


   Choice of contrast media
 


   Removal of contrast media
 


   Summary
 

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