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NDT Advance Access originally published online on January 8, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(4):996-999; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl734
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Medical treatment options in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

A. Haferkamp and M. Hohenfellner

Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Germany

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Axel Haferkamp, MD, Associate Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Email: axel_haferkamp@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Keywords: chemotherapy; immunotherapy; metastasis; renal cell carcinoma; targeted therapy

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological tumour and accounts for ~3% of all human malignancies. Each year in Europe ~40 000 patients are newly diagnosed with RCC, and almost 20 000 people die of the disease. In the United States, in 2003, RCC accounted for 31 000 people diagnosed with the disease, 12 000 deaths, and was the 10th most common cause of cancer mortality in men [1]. It is estimated that ~25–30% of all patients with RCC have metastases at presentation, and even following complete resection of the primary tumour by radical nephrectomy, relapse occurs in 20–30% of patients. The overall 5-year survival rate is 60%. Those who present with metastases have a median survival of 6–12 months, with a 5-year survival of <10% [2].

Renal cell carcinomas generally arise in the epithelium of the proximal tubule. Approximately 80% are of clear cell . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Chemotherapy
 


   Immunotherapy
 


   Targeted therapies
 

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