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NDT Advance Access originally published online on November 11, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(3):699-702; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl657
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Graft dysfunction and cardiovascular risk—an unholy alliance

Francesc Moreso and Josep M. Grinyo

Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Josep M. Grinyo, Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Spain. Email: jgrinyo@csub.scs.es

Keywords: cardiovascular mortality; chronic dysfunction; renal transplantation

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Patients with progressive chronic renal failure on dialysis treatment and renal transplantation have an elevated mortality in comparison to the general population [1,2]. Despite the fact that renal transplant recipients are highly susceptible to infection and malignant disease, these patients mainly die of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the fact that classical cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in renal transplants, the Framingham heart score that considers patient's age, dislipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes and cigarette smoking as risk factors underestimates cardiovascular risk in these patients, suggesting that other factors may also play an important role [3]. These non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors include increased oxidative stress, elevated biomarkers of inflammation, anaemia, calcium-phosphate metabolism imbalance, hyperhomocystinaemia or left ventricular hypertrophy [4]. Furthermore, a link between degree of renal function and CVD in the general population and renal transplants has been demonstrated [5,6. . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Cardiovascular risk in renal transplants
 


   Graft dysfunction as a cardiovascular risk factor
 


   Mechanisms linking graft function and cardiovascular risk
 


   Conclusion
 

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