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NDT Advance Access originally published online on October 11, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(2):347-349; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl590
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Uncovering host defences in the urinary tract: cathelicidin and beyond*

Marcus D. Säemann, Walter H. Hörl and Thomas Weichhart

Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Marcus D. Säemann, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Email: marcus.saemann@meduniwien.ac.at

Keywords: antimicrobial; innate immunity; neutrophils; toll-like receptors; urinary tract infection

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

While typical mucosal tissues like the gut are faced with a huge number of commensal and pathogenic micro-organisms, the urinary tract is largely "microbiologically naïve". Interestingly, the urogenital tract is devoid of a variety of physically acting countermechanisms like a multilayered mucus or ciliated epithelium and therefore, specific host strategies to avoid infection of the urinary tract have been proposed [1]. Nevertheless, invasion of uropathogenic bacteria leading to urinary tract infection (UTI), is a major health problem affecting millions of people every year with a tremendous economic impact and might in the worst case lead to kidney damage in terms of chronic renal failure [2,3]. During evolution, distinct uropathogenic microbes predominantly derived from the gut microflora, have developed potent strategies to undermine the urogenital immune defence [4]. In recent years important advances in our understanding of the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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