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NDT Advance Access originally published online on June 30, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(11):3102-3107; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm409
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Insulin resistance and salt-sensitive hypertension in metabolic syndrome

Toshiro Fujita

Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Toshiro Fujita, MD, Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Email: fujita-dis@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Keywords: adipocyte; chronic kidney disease; insulin resistance; obesity; oxidative stress; potassium; renin–angiotensin–aldosterone; sodium

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
Metabolic syndrome, which is caused by obesity, is now a global pandemic. Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes. Moreover, metabolic syndrome is a highly predisposing condition for cardiovascular disease. Recent clinical studies have shown that metabolic syndrome also increases the risk for proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1]. For a definition of metabolic syndrome, indeed, visceral obesity is essential and more than two of the following components: blood pressure, glucose and lipid abnormalities. However, insulin resistance is a key factor to developing these components of metabolic syndrome. Based on recent progress of research on adipocytes, visceral obesity plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance. Indeed, angiotensionogen, one of adipokines such as TNF-{alpha} and NEFA, which are produced by visceral fat, might contribute to the development of insulin resistance in the muscle and adipose tissues [2]. In contrast, lack . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome
 


   Angiotensin and insulin resistance
 


   The mechanism for salt-sensitive hypertension in metabolic syndrome
 


   CKD in metabolic syndrome
 


   Role of salt and potassium in metabolic syndrome
 


   Conclusion
 

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