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NDT Advance Access originally published online on July 27, 2004
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004 19(10):2432-2436; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh428
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Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 19 No. 10 © ERA-EDTA 2004; all rights reserved

Editorial Comment

Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in the immunosuppressed patient—update on prevention and management

Matthias Schaier1, Constanze Wendt2, Martin Zeier1 and Eberhard Ritz1

1 Department of Nephrology and 2 Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Germany

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Matthias Schaier, University of Heidelberg, Department of Nephrology, Bergheimer Str. 56a, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: matthias_schaier@med.uni-heidelberg.de

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.



   Introduction
 
In recent years, infections with Clostridium difficile have become more frequent in immunocompromised renal and transplanted patients [1,2]. There is widespread uncertainty as to the optimal management and prevention of this problem, particularly in the above patient group. It is for this reason that these issues are reviewed here.

Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. It was identified as the cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and colitis in the late 1970s [3] and currently accounts for ~15–25% of all episodes of AAD and for virtually all cases of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) [4,5]. Worldwide, the incidence of infections with this organism among hospitalized patients is increasing continuously [6,7]. The average incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) among hospitalized patients in eight European countries was 1.1 per 1000 patient admissions [8]. Clostridium . . . [Full Text of this Article]



   Risks factors
 


   Route of transmission
 


   Standards of hygiene
 


   Diagnosis
 


   Treatment
 


   Conclusion
 

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