Nephrol Dial Transplant (2001) 16: 452-458
© 2001 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association
Personal Opinion
Renal determinants of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure
Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Keywords: hypertension; kidney; lithium; salt sensitivity; sodium; tubules
Introduction
The evidence that sodium plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of hypertension comes from various sources. Epidemiological studies such as the Intersalt Study [1] have demonstrated a positive interpopulation relationship of 24-h urinary sodium excretion with blood pressure and the importance of salt intake in determining the rise of blood pressure occurring with age [1]. In addition, a large amount of experimental and clinical studies has emphasized the crucial role of sodium in the regulation of blood pressure and the implications of an abnormal sodium balance in the development of hypertension in animal models as well as in humans [1–4].
Despite this evidence, the potential benefits of a population-scaled reduction of salt intake to lower blood pressure and hence to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and perhaps other diseases such as osteoporosis, cancer, and pulmonary diseases [3],
Salt sensitivity: a controversial concept
Renal determinants of salt sensitivity
Hormonal response to salt and salt sensitivity
Renal haemodynamic response to salt
Renal sodium handling in salt sensitivity
Genetic component of salt sensitivity
Salt sensitivity: a marker of renal and cardiovascular risk?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
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