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NDT Advance Access first published online on September 17, 2009
This version published online on September 24, 2009
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp483
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of ERA-EDTA]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Clinical implication of metabolic syndrome on chronic kidney disease depends on gender and menopausal status: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Mina Yu, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Seung-Jung Kim, Kyu-Bok Choi and Duk-Hee Kang

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Duk-Hee Kang; E-mail: dhkang{at}ewha.ac.kr



  Abstract

Background. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing throughout the world over the last decade. Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been known to be an independent risk factor of CKD. However, both renal and metabolic diseases are experienced differently in men and women, and clinical implication of MS on CKD may be different according to gender.

Methods. To understand the association between MS and CKD, we performed a cross-sectional study in non-institutionalized civilians using the data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of 37 769 participants, 5091 were available for the analysis of the prevalence of CKD (defined as dipstick proteinuria or a reduced GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2).

Results. The prevalence of CKD was 8.9% (7.4% in men, 4.7% in premenopausal women and 20.1% in postmenopausal women) and MS was seen in 26.2% (24.9% in men, 13.9% in premenopausal women and 52% in postmenopausal women). The prevalence of CKD increased with ageing, in particular after sharply after the age of 50 in both genders. MS was a significant determinant of CKD; however, sub-analysis revealed that MS was a risk factor for CKD only in men under the age of 60 and in postmenopausal women. Neither MS per se nor individual components of MS were associated with CKD in men over the age of 60 and in premenopausal women.

Conclusion. Differential effect of MS on CKD according to age and gender in our study may provide a clue to define the subject in need for more attention for the treatment of MS in terms of the development of CKD.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; gender difference; metabolic syndrome

The original version was incorrect. Some extra corrections have been made that was missed initially.

Received for publication: 11. 6.09
Accepted in revised form: 19. 8.09


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