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NDT Advance Access published online on June 8, 2009
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp271
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Association and interaction analyses of genetic variants in ADIPOQ, ENPP1, GHSR, PPAR{gamma} and TCF7L2 genes for diabetic nephropathy in a Taiwanese population with type 2 diabetes

Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu1, Chang-Hsun Hsieh2, Dee Pei3, Yi-Jen Hung2, Shi-Wen Kuo4 and Eugene Lin1

1 Vita Genomics, Inc., Wugu Shiang 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital 3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cardinal Tien Hospital 4 Division of Endocrinology, Buddhist Xindian Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Eugene Lin; E-mail: eugene.lin{at}vitagenomics.com



  Abstract

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore both primary effects of single-locus and multilocus interactions to test the hypothesis that the type 2 diabetes (T2D) genes may contribute to the aetiology of DN in T2D independently and/or through complex interactions in a Taiwanese population with T2D.

Methods. We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for five common T2D genes including adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR{gamma}) and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2). There were 216 T2D patients diagnosed with DN and 178 age-similar T2D without DN (control) subjects. To investigate gene–gene interactions, we employed both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method and logistic regression models.

Results. Single-locus analyses showed significant main effects of ENPP1 (P = 0.0032; adjusted OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.17–2.92) on the risk of DN in T2D. Furthermore, a potential gene–gene interaction involving ENPP1 and GHSR was suggested in the best two-locus GMDR model (P = 0.021). The significant three-locus GMDR model (P < 0.001) was also identified among ADIPOQ, GHSR and TCF7L2. Analyses using logistic regression models confirmed the gene–gene interactions.

Conclusions. The results suggest that the SNPs from the T2D-related genes may contribute to the risk of DN in T2D independently and/or in an interactive manner in Taiwanese T2D patients.

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy; gene–gene interactions; single nucleotide polymorphisms; type 2 diabetes

Received for publication: 2. 3.09
Accepted in revised form: 14. 5.09


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