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Nephrol Dial Transplant (1994) 9: 613-618
© 1994 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

research-article

Changed excretion of urinary proteins and enzymes by chronic exposure to lead

M. Pergande1, K. Jung1,, S. Precht1, L. M. Fels2, C. Herbort2 and H. Stolte2

1Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin, Medical School Hannover, Germany 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Hannover, Germany

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr K. Jung, Research Division, Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10098 Berlin, Germany

Fifteen various serum and urine parameters were evaluated as indicators of renal alterations induced by lead in 82 male workers of a battery plant chronically exposed to lead (median of blood lead concentration: 2.03 µmol/1). The control group comprised 44 non-exposed healthy volunteers (0.34 µmol/1). High-molecular-mass proteins (transferrin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), (albumin)) were determined in urine as markers of glomerular integrity; lowmolecular-weight proteins and parenchymal enzymes ({alpha}1-microglobulin, ß2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, lysozyme, ribonuclease, N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), {gamma}-glutamyltransferase (GGT)) as indicators of changes in the proximal tubule; Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and kallikrein as markers of the distal tubule. There was a positive correlation between tubular indicators and blood lead concentration as well as the erythrocyte protoporphy-rin (EPP). About 30% of the lead-exposed workers showed an increased excretion of {alpha}1-microglobulin, NAG, ribonuclease, and/or Tamm-Horsfall protein, whereas the glomerular indicators remained unchanged. The combined determination of NAG and {alpha}1-microglobulin in urine could be helpful in the early detection of lead-induced changes in the nephron.

Keywords: high-molecular-weight protein; lead nephropathy; low-molecular-weight protein; occupation; tubule; urinary enzymes


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