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NDT Advance Access originally published online on February 19, 2009
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009 24(7):2212-2218; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp001
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


The plasma retinol levels as pro-oxidant/oxidant agents in haemodialysis patients

Miguel Roehrs1,2, Juliana Valentini2, Rachel Bulcão2, José Cláudio Moreira3, Hanz Biesalski4, Renata P. Limberger2, Tilman Grune4 and Solange Cristina Garcia2

1 Post-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Healthy Sciences 2 Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 3 Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 4 Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße, Stuttgart, Germany

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Solange Cristina Garcia; E-mail: sgarpom{at}smail.ufsm.br



  Abstract

Background. Oxidative stress is a process involved in haemodialysis-related pathologies such as cerebrovascular diseases. Retinol is the major circulating form of vitamin A and it is elevated in haemodialysis (HD) patients. It is known that these patients present anaemia that is not totally responsive to erythropoietin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plasma retinol levels on oxidative stress biomarkers, especially on {delta}-aminolevulinate dehydratase.

Methods. Plasma retinol and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified by HPLC-UV/VIS; blood activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and {delta}-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) were analysed by spectrophotometric methods, in HD patients (n = 29) and healthy subjects (n = 20).

Results. The MDA and retinol levels, SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in HD patients. ALA-D activity was significantly decreased. Retinol levels were correlated with MDA levels (r = 0.68), CAT (r = 0.39), SOD (r = 0.40) and ALA-D (r = –0.55). A partial correlation between retinol levels with ALA-D (r = 0.43), SOD (r = 0.30) and CAT (r = 0.36) activity was found, utilizing MDA levels as co-variable.

Conclusion. Higher retinol levels may be associated with the increase of SOD and CAT activities, but this increase was not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation and ALA-D thiolic group oxidation. In this manner, our results could suggest that high retinol levels contribute as an additional factor to the oxidative tissue damage.

Keywords: ALA-D activity; haemodialysis patients; MDA; oxidative stress; plasma retinol levels

Received for publication: 26. 5.08
Accepted in revised form: 31.12.08


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