NDT Advance Access originally published online on March 4, 2008
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23(8):2512-2519; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn098
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The uraemic retention solute para-hydroxy-hippuric acid attenuates apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from healthy subjects but not from haemodialysis patients
Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Gerald Cohen, Medizini-sche Universität Wien, Univ.-Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Abteilung für Nephrologie und Dialyse, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien, Austria. Tel: +43-1-40400-4343; Fax: +43-1-40400-7790; E-mail: gerald.cohen{at}meduniwien.ac.at
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Abstract |
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Background. Disturbed polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) apoptosis contributes to the dysregulation of the non-specific immune system in uraemia. Intracellular Ca2+ modulates PMNL apoptotic cell death. We investigated the effect of para-hydroxy-hippuric acid (PHA), an erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor accumulating in uraemic sera, and of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibitor of the sarko/endoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase, on PMNL apoptosis.
Methods. Apoptosis of PMNLs from healthy subjects and from haemodialysis (HD) patients was assessed after incubation for 20 h by evaluating morphological features under the fluorescence microscope and by measuring the DNA content and caspase activities by flow cytometry. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was determined by measurement of fura-2 fluorescence using the 340/ 380 nm dual wavelength excitation.
Results. Spontaneous apoptosis of PMNLs from healthy subjects and from HD patients did not differ. PHA significantly attenuated, while CPA increased, the apoptotic cell death of PMNLs from healthy subjects. The PHA effect was not observed with PMNLs from HD patients, irrespective of whether the blood was drawn before or after HD treatment. Baseline [Ca2+]i was increased in PMNLs obtained from HD patients before dialysis but reversed after dialysis. The PHA effects were not mediated via [Ca2+]i. The chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced a [Ca2+]i increase and reduced PMNL survival. Extracellular Ca2+ did not affect CPA- and fMLP-induced apoptosis.
Conclusions. PHA, without affecting [Ca2+]i, attenuates apoptosis of healthy but not of uraemic PMNLs. CPA and fMLP enhance PMNL apoptosis independently of Ca2+ influx.
Keywords: apoptosis; haemodialysis; intracellular calcium; polymorphonuclear leukocytes; uraemia
Received for publication: 11. 9.07
Accepted in revised form: 1. 2.08
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