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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(Supplement 3):iii13-iii19; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm016
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. for Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

OPTA—malnutrition in chronic renal failure

Martin K. Kuhlmann1, Andreas Kribben2, Michael Wittwer3 and Walter H. Hörl4

1Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany, 2University Hospital, Essen, Germany, 3Dialysezentrum, Kiel, Germany, 4University Hospital, Vienna, Austria

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Prof Dr Martin K. Kuhlmann, MD, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Nephrologie, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249 Berlin, Germany. Email: martin.kuhlmann{at}vivantes.de



  Abstract

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) is common among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 4 and 5) and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and treatment of malnutrition is essential to improve the outcome of patients with advanced CKD and those undergoing maintenance peritonealdialysis and haemodialysis treatment.


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