NDT Advance Access originally published online on February 13, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(6):1665-1671; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl835
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Risks of coronary artery bypass surgery in dialysis-dependent patients—analysis of the 2001 National Inpatient Sample
1Renal Division and 2Division of Clinical Biometrics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA and 3Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA
Correspondence and offprint requests to: David Charytan, MD, MSc., Division of Clinical Biometrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1 Brigham Circle, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: dcharytan{at}partners.org
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Abstract |
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Background. Dialysis patients have a high risk of cardiovascular death but may under-use coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) because of the risk of peri-operative death. Whether operative mortality in dialysis patients has declined with contemporary techniques is uncertain. We undertook this study in order to compare peri-operative mortality in chronic dialysis (CD) and non-dialysis patients following CABG and to determine whether high levels of comorbidity in CD patients account for identified differences in operative risk.
Methods. This study is a retrospective analysis of the 2001 National Inpatient Sample, a stratified probability sample of over seven million admissions in 33 states. Administrative data and ICD-9CM codes were used to identify dialysis patients, comorbidities, procedures and operative outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding.
Results. In this study, 77 323 non-dialysis patients and 635 dialysis patients underwent CABG. In-hospital death occurred in 11.1% of dialysis patients compared to 3.4% of non-dialysis patients. Rates of stroke, sepsis and pneumonia were also increased in dialysis patients. After adjustment for other surgical risk factors, the odds of in-hospital death were 3.38 (2.54–4.50, P < 0.001) times higher in dialysis than non-dialysis patients.
Conclusions. Operative mortality in dialysis patients remains high despite recent advances in CABG surgery and is not explained by the high rates of comorbidity in dialysis patients. Because there is a very high risk of cardiovascular death without intervention, CABG may nevertheless be a life-saving therapy in CD patients. Randomized trials are needed to better define the optimal role of CABG in dialysis patients.
Keywords: chronic dialysis; coronary artery bypass grafting; coronary artery disease; end-stage renal disease; mortality risk
Received for publication: 6. 7.06
Accepted in revised form: 22.12.06
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