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NDT Advance Access originally published online on July 19, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(11):3160-3165; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm455
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


The uraemic toxin phenylacetic acid inhibits osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation: an implication for the pathogenesis of low turnover bone in chronic renal failure

Shozo Yano, Toru Yamaguchi, Ippei Kanazawa, Noriko Ogawa, Kumi Hayashi, Mika Yamauchi and Toshitsugu Sugimoto

Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 693-8501, Izumo, Japan

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Shozo Yano, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo city, Shimane 693-8501, Japan. Email: syano{at}med.shimane-u.ac.jp



  Abstract

Background. A relatively high level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is required to maintain normal bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). ‘Uraemic toxins’ could cause an impaired response to PTH in bone and result in low turnover bone disease. Since phenylacetic acid (PAA) has been identified as one of the uraemic toxins in patients with CKD and has an inhibiting property of monocyte function, we examined if PAA might inhibit osteoblastic functions in vitro.

Methods. Using mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, we performed BrdU incorporation, real-time PCR, Western blot and stainings to see the effect of PAA.

Results. PAA significantly inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner ranging between 0.5 and 5 mM. PAA reduced osteocalcin mRNA level, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblastic mineralization. PAA pre-treatment also decreased both PTH-induced cAMP production and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation.

Conclusion. PAA, a newly identified uraemic toxin, affects osteoblastic functions such as proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and responsiveness to PTH, indicating that this molecule could play an important role in the pathogenesis of low turnover bone in CKD.

Keywords: chronic renal failure; low turnover bone; osteoblast; parathyroid hormone; uraemic toxin

Received for publication: 18.12.06
Accepted in revised form: 12. 6.07


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