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NDT Advance Access originally published online on July 5, 2007
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007 22(10):2932-2943; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm170
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org


Biomarker discovery with SELDI-TOF MS in human urine associated with early renal injury: evaluation with computational analytical tools

Kurt J. A. Vanhoutte1, Coby Laarakkers2, Elena Marchiori3, Peter Pickkers4, Jack F. M. Wetzels5, Johannes L. Willems2, Lambert P. van den Heuvel6, Frans G. M. Russel1 and Rosalinde Masereeuw1

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 2Department of Clinical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 3Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free University of Amsterdam, 4Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 5Department of Nephrology, 6Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Rosalinde Masereeuw, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences/Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB NIJMEGEN, the Netherlands. Email: r.masereeuw{at}ncmls.ru.nl



  Abstract

Background. Urine proteomics is one of the key emerging technologies to discover new biomarkers for renal disease, which may be used in the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients. In the present study, we validated surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) for biomarker discovery in patients with mild ischaemic kidney injury.

Methods. We used first-morning mid-stream urine samples from healthy volunteers, and from intensive care unit patients we collected urine 12–24 h after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Samples of 50 volunteers were mixed to establish a reference sample (master pool). Urine samples were analysed with constant creatinine levels.

Results. The average intra- and interchip variation was found to be in the normal experimental range (CV of 10 to 30%). Computational analysis revealed (i) low intra-individual day-to-day variation in individual healthy volunteers; (ii) high concordance between the master pool sample and individual samples. Machine learning techniques for classification of CABG condition vs healthy patients showed that (iii) in the 3-20 kDa range, the joint activity of four protein peaks effectively discriminated the two classes, (iv) in the 20–70 kDa range, a single m/z marker was sufficient to achieve perfect separation.

Conclusions. Our results substantiate the effectiveness of Seldi-TOF MS-based computational analysis as a tool for discovering potential biomarkers in urine samples associated with early renal injury.

Keywords: biomarkers; classification; clinical proteomics; mass spectrometry; renal injury; surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight

Received for publication: 29.11.06
Accepted in revised form: 5. 3.07


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