NDT Advance Access originally published online on February 20, 2006
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006 21(6):1626-1632; doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl034
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Original Articles: Dialysis and Transplantation
Association between phosphate removal and markers of bone turnover in haemodialysis patients
1 Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, 2 Servicios de Nefrología and Bioquímica, Fundación Jiménez Díaz and 3 Servicio de Epidemiología, Hospital Clínico, Universidad Autónoma and Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Carlos Caramelo, Laboratorio de Nefrología-Hipertensión, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Avda. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Email: ccaramelo{at}fjd.es
Background. As the main mineral reservoir, bone acts as a calcium (Ca) and phosphate buffering system. Accordingly, phosphate removal by haemodialysis (HD) might be theoretically influenced by bone turnover, as well as by the interaction of regulatory molecules, such as PTH and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The present study investigated the relationship between these variables and phosphate removal by HD.
Methods. Blood samples for serum Ca, phosphate, bicarbonate, intact PTH, PTH (1–84), bone alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, OPG and receptor activator of nuclear factor-
B ligand (RANKL) were obtained in 28 HD patients. Phosphate removal was measured by a continuous collection of the dialysate.
Results. Pre-dialysis serum phosphate concentration is the critical factor in determining dialytic phosphate removal. However, multiple regression analysis reveals that phosphate removal is better explained by a combination of factors than by phosphate concentration alone. In this model, the PTH/OPG ratio is an additional positive factor, whereas age and vitamin D treatment are negative factors. Patients with pre-HD bicarbonate higher than 20 mEq/l had higher serum phosphate and, accordingly, higher phosphate removal; of interest, these individuals also have significant differences in RANKL/OPG. Mean (SD) OPG levels were significantly higher than that in the healthy population (16.2 (12.5) pmol/l; these values correlated with age (r = 0.4, P<0.04). Mean serum RANKL (1.03 (1.02) pmol/l) was within the range of normal individuals.
Conclusions. Dialytic phosphate removal has a crucial, direct relationship with pre-HD plasma phosphate levels. However, the phenomenon of phosphate removal is more precisely explained using a more complex relationship, defined by the interaction between serum phosphate, PTH/OPG, age and vitamin D administration. Serum RANKL levels are first reported in HD patients, and are not different from the normal population.
Keywords: Bone turnover; haemodialysis; osteoprotegerin; phosphate removal; PTH; RANKL
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