Nephrol Dial Transplant (2004) 19: III57-III61
Nephrol Dial Transplant Vol. 19 Suppl 3 © ERA–EDTA 2004; all rights reserved
Impact of diabetes mellitus on kidney transplant recipients in Spain
1 Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain, 2 Nephrology Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, 3 Nephrology Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Candelaria, Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain and 4 Nephrology Unit, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Jose Manuel González-Posada, Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain. Email: jmgposada{at}hotmail.com
Abstract
Background. The increasing prevalence of pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and especially the incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a disturbing tendency with far-reaching health and cost implications. We assessed the factors associated with PTDM and the impact of either condition on death-censored graft and patient survival.
Methods. We studied 3365 adult kidney allograft recipients transplanted in 1990, 1994 and 1998, whose graft was functioning after 1 year of follow-up. Three groups were considered: Group I (DM; N = 156), Group II (PTDM; N = 251) and Group III (non-diabetic; N = 2958).
Results. Group I patients had been dialysed for shorter periods and received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) therapy more frequently during follow-up than the other groups (P<0.001). Mean age, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were greater in Group II patients than the other groups (P<0.001). Group II showed lower rejection rates than Group III (P<0.01). Risk factors for developing PTDM were recipient age > 60 years (OR = 2.24; P<0.001), female recipient (OR = 1.5; P<0.005), recipient weight > 65 kg (OR = 1.77; P<0.002), BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.6; P<0.04) or > 30 kg/m2 (OR = 2.92; P<0.005), and tacrolimus-based therapy (OR = 1.48; P<0.05). Of note, the use of Sandimmune® vs Neoral® had a protective effect (OR = 0.7; P<0.01). Using Cox's proportional hazards analysis, DM correlated with reduced death-censored graft survival (RR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.14–2.47; P<0.008), while PTDM correlated with reduced patient survival (RR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.05–2.27; P<0.02).
Conclusions. One year after transplantation, DM was associated with a decrease in death-censored graft survival, while PTDM was an independent negative predictor of patient survival after kidney transplantation. New strategies to improve outcome are needed.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; kidney transplantation; survival
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