Nephrol Dial Transplant (2004) 19: 400-405
© ERA–EDTA 2004; all rights reserved
Original Article
Evaluation of an in vitro dialysis system to predict drug removal
1Departments of Pharmacy and Medicine (Nephrology), The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 2Department of Pharmacy and 3Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA and 4McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Joanna Q. Hudson, The University of Tennessee, Department of Pharmacy, 26 South Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Email: jhudson{at}utmem.edu
Background. Variation in the extent of drug removal under different dialysis conditions presents a challenge for prediction of drug elimination and dosage regimen adjustment during haemodialysis (HD). Dependence on clinical pharmacokinetic studies in HD patients for dosing guidelines is problematic given the increasing number of dialysers with variable rates of drug removal. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize drug removal using an in vitro system and to evaluate its reliability to predict in vivo elimination by HD using vancomycin (VANC) as a model drug.
Methods. In vitro dialysis was performed for 2 h (volume 4.0 l normal saline, initial VANC concentration 30 mg/l, flow rate 300 ml/min, dialysate flow 800 ml/min) using four different dialysers: polymethylmethacrylate (BK-2.1 U), polysulfone (F-80), AN69 (Filtral-20) and hemophan (COBE 700HE). The in vitro dialysis clearance for VANC (CLD) for the polysulfone dialyser was compared with values determined in eight HD patients. In vitro VANC CLD for all dialysers was compared with the clearance and KoA for B12 reported for each dialyser.
Results. In vitro VANC CLD values were 93±11 ml/min for the polymethylmethacrylate BK-2.1, 136±7 ml/min for the AN69, 65±9 ml/min for the hemophan COBE 700HE and 143±10 ml/min for the polysulfone F80. The CLD for the polysulfone F80 was not statistically different from the in vivo CLD of 135±18 ml/min (P = 0.48). In vitro VANC CLD correlated with the B12 CLD (r2 = 0.77) and the B12 KoA (r2 = 0.63) reported for each dialyser.
Conclusion. VANC CLD in HD patients for the polysulfone dialyser was correctly predicted using the in vitro dialysis system. Use of this system may be superior to estimations of drug CLD based on dialyser information provided by the manufacturer for compounds of similar molecular weight.
Keywords: dialysis; drug removal; haemodialysis; pharmacokinetics; vancomycin
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