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Nephrol Dial Transplant (2003) 18: 1848-1853
© 2003 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

Lipoprotein (a) levels in those with high molecular weight apo (a) isoforms may remain low in a significant proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease

Darren S. Parsons1, David A. Reaveley2, Darrell V. Pavitt2, Madhukar Misra1 and Edwina A. Brown1

1 Department of Renal Medicine and 2 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College School of Science, Technology and Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr D. S. Parsons, Department of Renal Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK. Email: dspcx{at}yahoo.com

Background. Studies have reported an increase in median Lipoprotein (Lp) (a) in patients with high molecular weight (HMW) apolipoprotein (apo) (a) isoforms and renal impairment. Some studies identify Lp (a) levels as a risk factor for vascular disease in renal failure whilst others have demonstrated an association with apo (a) isoform type and vascular disease.

Methods. A total of 239 patients at end-stage renal failure (ESRF) were studied prior to the initiation of dialysis. Blood was taken for Lp (a) levels and apo (a) isoforms. Clinical vascular disease (CVD) was assessed on the basis of clinical history and Rose questionnaire. The control group for Lp (a) levels consisted of 228 healthy volunteers.

Results. Despite a higher median Lp (a) level in those with HMW isoforms, 30% of patients had Lp (a) levels <10 mg/dl. Overall, 49% patients were identified as having CVD. Diabetes, smoking history and Lp (a) levels were significantly associated with CVD in logistic regression analysis, although when patients with low molecular weight (LMW) and HMW isoforms were analysed separately, Lp (a) levels were not significantly associated with CVD in those with LMW isoforms. The rates of CVD in those with HMW isoform and low Lp (a) levels were significantly lower than those with HMW isoforms and elevated Lp (a) levels, 34 vs 57% (P < 0.01).

Conclusions. Although median Lp (a) levels in those patients at ESRF with HMW isoforms are higher than controls, in a third of such patients Lp (a) levels remain relatively low. These patients have lower rates of CVD than those with high levels of Lp (a).

Keywords: atherosclerosis; lipoprotein (a); renal failure


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