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Nephrol Dial Transplant (2002) 17: 10-15
© 2002 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association


Cardiac effects of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients

Antonio Santoro and Elena Mancini

Malpighi Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy

Abstract

Cardiovascular pathology is the major cause of death in uraemia. There is evidence that a chronic inflammation with activation of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} and other cytokines is associated with vascular pathology, both in the general population and in dialysis patients. The cardiovascular system, and particularly the vascular wall, is the main target of the inflammatory process. Inflammation of the coronary arteries could be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and its related clinical syndromes. In the uraemic state, an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines may trigger the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and favour the subsequent complications, such as plaque fissuration and rupture. However, inflammatory cytokines also have a depressant action on the myocardium, thus inducing myocardial dysfunction. Together, these conditions may ultimately enhance the risk of myocardial infarction and death. From this standpoint, cardiovascular disease should also be investigated with the traditional biochemical inflammation markers and the evaluation of the circulating cytokine level, although new reliable markers could provide further diagnostic help. New therapeutic approaches should also be considered.

Keywords: acute phase reaction; atherosclerosis; haemodialysis; inflammation; myocardiopathy; uraemia

Notes

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Antonio Santoro, U.O. Nefrologia e Dialisi Malpighi, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via P. Palagi 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.


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