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Nephrol Dial Transplant (2001) 16: 355-360
© 2001 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection

Christoph Frohn,1, Lutz Fricke2, Jan-Christoph Puchta3 and Holger Kirchner1

1 Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lübeck School of Medicine, Lübeck and 3 Institute for Mathematics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Background. The acute immunological rejection and long time survival of kidney allografts are correlated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match status between donor and recipient. HLA-A, -B and -DR have all turned out to be relevant HLA loci in several studies. The role of HLA-C has not been studied before now.

Methods. In 104 consecutive patient/donor pairs from our transplantation unit, we retrospectively analysed whether acute graft rejection is influenced by HLA-C match status between donor and recipient. For typing HLA-C alleles, we used an allele-specific PCR protocol in combination with serology.

Results. By analysing groups of donor/recipient pairs with a homogenous distribution of HLA-B mismatches in order to exclude an effect of the linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B/C, HLA-C mismatch turned out to be significantly correlated with acute transplant rejection in pairs with one additional mismatch on the B locus (P=0.004). Additional parameters that may hypothetically influence acute rejection episodes (HLA-A or DR mismatch, time of cold and warm ischaemia, previous transplantations, pre-existing HLA antibodies) were also analysed but cannot explain this finding.

Conclusion. HLA-C matching of all kidney donors and recipients seems to be an option to reduce the probability of acute rejection episodes. Further studies of greater patient cohorts analysing organ rejection and organ survival are warranted.

Keywords: graft rejection; HLA-C matching; kidney transplantation; transplantation immunology

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr C. Frohn, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.


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