Nephrol Dial Transplant (2000) 15: 605-610
© 2000 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association
Hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis: a report of nine cases and a review
Editor's note See also Editorial Comment by Mennens et al., pp. 568–570.
1 Departments of Pediatrics, Universities of Bern, Switzerland, 2 Milan and 3 Palermo, Italy
Background. The cardinal characteristics of primary hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis include renal magnesium wasting, marked hypercalciuria, renal stones, nephrocalcinosis, a tendency towards chronic renal insufficiency and sometimes even ocular abnormalities or hearing impairment.
Methods. As very few patients with this syndrome have been described, we provide information on nine patients on follow-up at our institutions and review the 42 cases reported in the literature (33 females and 18 males).
Results. Urinary tract infections, polyuria–polydipsia, renal stones and tetanic convulsions were the main clinical findings at diagnosis. The clinical course was highly variable; renal failure was often reported. The concomitant occurrence of ocular involvement or hearing impairment was reported in a large subset of patients. Parental consanguinity was noted in some families.
Conclusions. The results indicate an autosomal recessive inheritance. The diagnosis of primary hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis deserves consideration in any patient with nephrocalcinosis and hypercalciuria.
Keywords: hereditary diseases; hypercalciuria; kidney diseases; magnesium deficiency; nephrocalcinosis
Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr M. G. Bianchetti, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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