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Nephrol Dial Transplant (2000) 15: 1788-1793
© 2000 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte rigidity is defective in patients with chronic renal failure

Athanasios T. Skoutelis1,, Vasilios E. Kaleridis2, Dimitrios S. Goumenos1, George M. Athanassiou2, Yannis F. Missirlis2, Jannis G. Vlachojannis1 and Harry P. Bassaris1

1 Department of Medicine, Patras University Medical School, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Patras University, Patras, Greece

Background. The purpose of the study was to investigate the rigidity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in non-dialysed chronic renal failure (CRF) and haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods. PMN rigidity as well as tumour necrosis factor {alpha} (TNF-{alpha}) and interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) plasma levels were assessed in 10 early-stage CRF, 10 late-stage non-HD, and 10 HD patients, before and during dialysis. In HD patients both cellulose acetate and polysulphone membranes were used. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. Rigidity was tested by counting the deformability in morphologically passive PMNs by the micropipette method. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results. PMN rigidity was significantly increased in end-stage CRF patients regardless of HD but not in early-stage CRF. In HD patients PMN rigidity increased significantly 60 min after initiation of HD. There was an increase of TNF-{alpha} and IL-1ß levels in end-stage non-HD and HD patients and a further increase at 60 min after initiation of HD. The percentage of morphologically activated PMNs was increased only during dialysis. The nature of the HD membrane had no influence on rigidity, PMN activation, or cytokine production.

Conclusions. The results indicate that PMN rigidity is defective in end-stage chronic CRF patients and is further increased 60 min after initiation of HD, regardless of the nature of the HD membrane used. PMN activation, increased TNF-{alpha} and IL-1ß levels, or a direct PMN impairment may cause the observed cell rigidity.

Keywords: chronic renal failure; deformability; haemodialysis; polymorphonuclear leukocytes; rigidity; uraemia

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Athanasios T. Skoutelis MD, Section of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 26500 Rio Patras, Greece.


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