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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Vol 12, Issue 1 133-136, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Hepatitis E virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a seroepidemiological survey

F Fabrzi, G Lunghi, G Bacchini, M Corti, A Pagano and F Locatelli
Nephrology Department, Hospital, Lecco, Italy; Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Milan, Italy; Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 675 Dr. South, MRL Room 1558, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7019, USA

Background. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent for enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Transmission is via the faecal route but the possibility of transmission by blood had been raised. Data concerning anti-HEV prevalence among chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients are few and give conflicting results. Methods. We tested for anti-HEV antibody 204 chronic HD patients attending a single dialysis unit. A specific sold-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay (Abbott HEV EIA) was used. Results. We found six anti-HEV-positive patients, the anti-HEV prevalence was 3% (95% CI 0-6%). The prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infections were 39% (31-45%) and 22% (16-28%) respectively. No anti-HEV-positive patients showed past or current biochemical signs of liver damage. One of six (17%) anti-HEV-positive patients was an immigrant; no risk factor for anti-HEV antibody was identified in the other anti-HEV-positive individuals. Conclusion. We observed a low anti-HEV prevalence; there was no association between HEV and blood-borne infections (HBV, HCV, and HIV) in our HD patients; most anti-HEV-positive patients we found were probably related to a local infection by HEV. This is one of the first reports concerning seroepidemiology of HEV infection in a large cohort of chronic HD individuals. Keywords: Hepatitis E virus; haemodialysis patients; IgG anti-HEV antibodies
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