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Nephrol Dial Transplant (1996) 11: 474-480
© 1996 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association

research-article

The role of experimental chronic renal failure and aluminium intoxication in cellular immune response

C. Tzanno-Martins1,, L. S. Azevedo2, N. Orii1, E. Futata1, V. Jorgetti2, M. Marcondes2 and A. J. da Silva Duarte1

1Immunology Division, University of São Paulo Medical School Brazil 2Nephrology Division, University of São Paulo Medical School Brazil

Correspondence and offprint requests to: Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr Carmen Tzanno-Martins, University of São Paulo Medical School, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Experimental Transplantation, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-2 andar sala 105-A, CEP 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

BACKGROUND.: A positive correlation between successful kidney transplantation, few rejection episodes, greater susceptibility to infection and morbidity in patients with high tissue levels of aluminium (Al) indicate that the metal may play a role in the immune response. The aim of this study was to determine if experimental aluminium intoxication could result in significant changes in lymphocyte activity in uraemic and non-uraemic rats.

METHODS.: Lewis rats were divided into four groups: normals (N), nephrectomized control (U), and Al-treated (N+Al) and nephrectomized Al-treated (U+Al), which received a cumulative dose of 30 mg Al over a 4-week period. Al quantification, histology, histochemical analysis and immunological assays were performed after Al intoxication.

RESULTS.: High tissue levels of Al and positive histochemical staining in bones were seen in Al-treated rats. Bone histology revealed osteomalacia in U+Al rats. No statistical differences were observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures from controls and Al-treated rats, whereas U and Al-treated rats showed a decrease in lymphoproliferative response to mitogen and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity. A decreased helper T lymphocyte: cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell ratio and a reduction in interleukin-2 production were observed only in the U+Al group. A reduced number of total T lymphocytes was detected in the spleens of all Al-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONS.: These findings suggest that aluminium toxicity may contribute to immunological impairment in chronic renal failure.

Keywords: aluminium intoxication; immune response; chronic renal failure


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